If you’re a noncitizen living in the U.S., you might wonder whether you can receive Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or Social Security benefits. While it’s possible for noncitizens to qualify for these benefits, the eligibility requirements differ significantly between the two programs. Knowing these distinctions and the specific qualifications can help determine your eligibility.
Eligibility
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) provides financial assistance to individuals with limited income and resources. For noncitizens to qualify for SSI, they must be classified as a qualified alien or belong to certain classifications recognized by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
DHS-Recognized Classifications
To be eligible for SSI, noncitizens must fall into one of the following categories:
- Ukrainian Humanitarian Parolee
- Afghan Non-Special Immigrant Parolee
- Afghan Humanitarian Parolee
- Iraqi or Afghan Special Immigrant
- Amerasian Immigrant
- Haitian or Cuban Entrant
- Alien Whose Removal is Withheld
- Granted Asylum
- Admitted as a Refugee
- Paroled in the USA
- Granted Conditional Entry
- Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR)
Additional Conditions
Simply belonging to one of these classifications isn’t enough. Applicants must also meet other specific conditions outlined by the SSA. Full details can be found in the SSA’s guidelines: SSA Publication on SSI for Noncitizens.
Social Security Benefits
The rules for Social Security benefits differ from those for SSI. Noncitizens can qualify for Social Security benefits if they are:
- Lawfully Present in the U.S.
- Authorized to Work with a valid Social Security Number (SSN) obtained after December 2003.
Eligibility Outside the U.S.
If you wish to continue receiving Social Security benefits while living outside the U.S., specific conditions must be met. The SSA has guidelines that outline the countries where benefits can be paid and the conditions under which they are available.
Differences
| Criteria | SSI | Social Security |
|---|---|---|
| Eligible Classifications | Qualified aliens per DHS classifications | Lawfully present noncitizens authorized to work |
| Work Requirement | No work history required | Must have work history and SSN issued after 2003 |
| Payments Abroad | Not generally allowed | Possible with specific conditions |
| Income Limits | Strict income/resource limits | Based on work credits and earnings |
Noncitizens may qualify for both SSI and Social Security benefits under certain conditions, but the eligibility criteria vary. Knowing these distinctions is essential to ensure you meet the necessary requirements. For personalized guidance, consult the SSA’s website or contact the SSA directly to confirm your eligibility based on your specific circumstances.
FAQs
Can noncitizens receive SSI?
Yes, if they meet specific DHS classifications and conditions.
Do noncitizens qualify for Social Security benefits?
Yes, if lawfully present and authorized to work in the U.S.
Can noncitizens receive benefits outside the U.S.?
Only under certain conditions set by the SSA.
What is the work requirement for Social Security?
You need an SSN issued after December 2003 and work history.
Where can I find more information on SSI eligibility?
Visit the SSA’s website or check SSA Publication EN-05-11051.
